This paper introduces a socio-technical typology of bias in data-driven machine learning and artificial intelligence systems. It argues that a clear distinction must be made between different concepts of bias in such systems in order to analytically assess and politically critique these systems. By analysing the controversial Austrian “AMS algorithm” as a case study among other examples, this paper defines the following three types of bias: purely technical, socio-technical, and societal.

Whiteness in and through data protection: an intersectional approach to anti-violence apps and #MeToo bots

Renee Shelby, Northwestern University
Jenna Imad Harb, Australian National University
Kathryn Henne, Australian National University
PUBLISHED ON: 7 Dec 2021 DOI: 10.14763/2021.4.1589

This analysis of digital technologies aimed at supporting survivors of sexual and gender-based violence illustrates how they reaffirm normative whiteness.

Drawing from science and technology studies (STS) and a feminist law critique, this article argues that procedural law is insufficient when addressing algorithmic discrimination and that ex ante protection may be a better way forward.

Feminist data protection: an introduction Feminist data protection

Jens T. Theilen, Helmut-Schmidt-University
Andreas Baur, University of Tübingen
Felix Bieker, Office of the Data Protection Commissioner Schleswig-Holstein
Regina Ammicht Quinn, University of Tübingen
Marit Hansen, Office of the Data Protection Commissioner Schleswig-Holstein
Gloria González Fuster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
PUBLISHED ON: 7 Dec 2021 DOI: 10.14763/2021.4.1609

This editorial introduces ten research articles, which form part of this special issue, exploring feminist data protection.