Blockchain-based NFTs (non-fungible tokens) are uniquely identifiable digital representations of physical or digital items.

“Permissionlessness” is a term often used in association with public blockchains. This glossary entry explores the origins, evolution, and coexisting uses and meanings of the term “permissionless” to contextualise it.

PIMS typically employ technical, legal and organisational measures for enabling users to manage and control their data.

Web monetisation is the conversion of user traffic into revenue. This glossary entry provides an overview of the concepts of web and content monetisation, discusses aspects arising out of their interaction, and addresses three main issues currently associated with the term: the interoperability of social media infrastructures, the interoperability of content and web monetisation, and the moderation of content monetised decentrally.

Protocol has become a common term in a huge variety of technical and societal fields. This entry traces its proliferation from Antiquity to blockchains and points out its organisational properties and powers.

This glossary entry explores traceability which is an increasingly prominent research topic in decentralised technosocial systems in fields as diverse as health, sustainability, finance, and supply chain management and relates to the ability to trace something or someone.

Data intermediaries entail data governance measures for ensuring that data is only processed as appropriate, giving stakeholders some degree of confidence that their rights and interests are properly respected.

Openness is contextual. Open implies access to resources or participatory mode of production that can be otherwise closed or restricted in degrees. Openness does not necessarily lead to inclusiveness or equity, even though it may be used to invoke such ideals.