This glossary entry presents a topology of interoperability layers and presents some of the key economic and socio-technical concerns faced by interoperable systems.

Decentralised content moderation describes and potentially advocates for moderation infrastructures in which both the authority and the responsibility to moderate are distributed over a plurality of actors or institutions.

Data cooperatives are a type of data intermediary using long established cooperative models and global regulatory affordances to manage data with or on behalf of members (data producers) for the benefit of members or for trade with external queriers (data users).

Hacktivism represents a dynamic intersection of technology and activism, where individuals or groups leverage digital tools to advance social or political causes.

A glossary entry that defines consensus as a cultural technique and advocates for its potential as a democratic tool for common understanding, rather than distributed decision-making.

Data commons are more than data sharing arrangements. They bring up issues relating to the kind of communities they uphold, their relationships with third parties (such as other commons), data capitalism, and various dimensions of sustainability.