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APA

Annabell, T., Bishop, S., & Goanta, C. (2025). “You and TikTok are, and will remain at all times, independent contractors”. Internet Policy Review, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.14763/2025.3.2014

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Annabell, Taylor, Bishop, Sophie and Goanta, Catalina. 2025. "“You and TikTok are, and will remain at all times, independent contractors”". Internet Policy Review 14 (3). DOI: 10.14763/2025.3.2014. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/you-and-tiktok-independent-contractors.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Annabell, Taylor, Bishop, S. & Goanta, C. (2025). “You and TikTok are, and will remain at all times, independent contractors”. Internet Policy Review,[online] 14(3). Available at: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/you-and-tiktok-independent-contractors [Accessed: 26 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Annabell, Taylor, Bishop, Sophie, and Goanta, Catalina. "“You and TikTok are, and will remain at all times, independent contractors”". Internet Policy Review 14.3 (2025). Web. 26 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Annabell T, Bishop S, Goanta C. “You and TikTok are, and will remain at all times, independent contractors”. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2025 [26 August 2026];14(3). Available from: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/you-and-tiktok-independent-contractors

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

This paper analyses how platform policies and interfaces of TikTok, YouTube, Snap, and Instagram shape commercial content for influencers and the legal duty to disclose such content under European consumer law.

KEYWORDS: Monetisation, Advertising law, Consumer protection, Platforms, Influencer marketing

The monetisation of video game user-generated content provokes a challenge to copyright’s assumption of users as ‘amateur’ creators.

KEYWORDS: Copyright, User-generated content, Video games, Streaming, Monetisation

Web monetisation is the conversion of user traffic into revenue. This glossary entry provides an overview of the concepts of web and content monetisation, discusses aspects arising out of their interaction, and addresses three main issues currently associated with the term: the interoperability of social media infrastructures, the interoperability of content and web monetisation, and the moderation of content monetised decentrally.

KEYWORDS: Monetisation, Content, Data governance

This paper analyses the aftermath of the advertiser revolt on YouTube to draw out the broader implications of the controversy as it relates to the algorithmic gatekeeping of culture. It argues that the event shows as never before that decisions about categorisation and classification of cultural content invariably affect the financial trajectory of the said content. It ends by calling for broader stakeholder participation within key decision-making processes of digital platforms.

KEYWORDS: Algorithms, Gatekeeping, Platforms, YouTube, Monetisation, Adpocalypse

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

Published by

Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

Special issue on the topic of
Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

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