To cite this page | Internet Policy Review

APA

Crawford, C. (2024). Protocol power: Matter, IoT interoperability, and a critique of industry self-regulation. Internet Policy Review, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.2.1776

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Crawford, Colin. 2024. "Protocol power: Matter, IoT interoperability, and a critique of industry self-regulation". Internet Policy Review 13 (2). DOI: 10.14763/2024.2.1776. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/protocol-power-iot-interoperability.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Crawford, Colin (2024). Protocol power: Matter, IoT interoperability, and a critique of industry self-regulation. Internet Policy Review,[online] 13(2). Available at: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/protocol-power-iot-interoperability [Accessed: 25 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Crawford, Colin. "Protocol power: Matter, IoT interoperability, and a critique of industry self-regulation". Internet Policy Review 13.2 (2024). Web. 25 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Crawford C. Protocol power: Matter, IoT interoperability, and a critique of industry self-regulation. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2024 [25 August 2026];13(2). Available from: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/protocol-power-iot-interoperability

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

The EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) is designed to empower users with the ability to freely switch between digital platforms. However, my 2026 migration experiment from Apple’s iOS to Google’s Android in Japan reveals a stark contrast between legal provisions and practical realities.

This glossary entry presents a topology of interoperability layers and presents some of the key economic and socio-technical concerns faced by interoperable systems.

KEYWORDS: Interoperability, Sociotechnical ecosystems, Standards

Openness is contextual. Open implies access to resources or participatory mode of production that can be otherwise closed or restricted in degrees. Openness does not necessarily lead to inclusiveness or equity, even though it may be used to invoke such ideals.

KEYWORDS: Openness, Access, Interoperability, Open source, Open access, Open government

This article presents a general analysis of how user autonomy in the internet cloud is increasingly put into jeopardy by the growing comfort and efficiency of the user-interface. Although this issue has not been, thus far, explicitly addressed by the law, it is a fundamental ethical question that should be carefully assessed to guide the future deployment of cloud computing.

KEYWORDS: Cloud services, Autonomy, Comfort, Proprietary software, Interoperability, End-to-end, Walled garden, User lock-in, Profiling

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

Published by

Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

Special issue on the topic of
Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

Full call here

Additional indexing