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The percentages and figures used in the impact assessment accompanying the European Commission’s e-evidence package strongly influence the analysis of the problem and limit the assessment of the problem of cross-border access to e-evidence to technical and efficiency considerations.

Ad archives are a novel tool in online advertising governance. They promise significant benefits, but only if their operators address key criticisms.

This paper is part of Transnational materialities , a special issue of Internet Policy Review guest-edited by José van Dijck and Bernhard Rieder. Introduction In March 2019, the European Commission fined Google’s parent company Alphabet Inc. 1.5 billion euro for antitrust violations in the online advertising market—the third fine in three years.

What are the informal arrangements governing online content on platforms in Europe, and what are the factors that make them more or less successful?

This paper provides qualitative analysis of Google’s and Microsoft’s policies and examines case studies to enhance understanding about the privacy role of information intermediaries in self-regulatory arrangements.

Sharing economy businesses open up new markets and bring about new regulatory challenges. These could be solved with traditional competition instruments, although adapted to the peculiar features of the sharing economy, including, among others, multi-sidedness and the presence of different externalities.

Does competiton law apply to search engines and social networks? The paper maintains that existing competition concepts are flexible enough to be adequately applied to these internet services.