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APA

Belli, L., & Venturini, J. (2016). Private ordering and the rise of terms of service as cyber-regulation. Internet Policy Review, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2016.4.441

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Belli, Luca and Venturini, Jamila. 2016. "Private ordering and the rise of terms of service as cyber-regulation". Internet Policy Review 5 (4). DOI: 10.14763/2016.4.441. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/private-ordering-and-rise-terms-service-cyber-regulation.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Belli, Luca & Venturini, J. (2016). Private ordering and the rise of terms of service as cyber-regulation. Internet Policy Review,[online] 5(4). Available at: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/private-ordering-and-rise-terms-service-cyber-regulation [Accessed: 20 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Belli, Luca, and Venturini, Jamila. "Private ordering and the rise of terms of service as cyber-regulation". Internet Policy Review 5.4 (2016). Web. 20 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Belli L, Venturini J. Private ordering and the rise of terms of service as cyber-regulation. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2016 [20 August 2026];5(4). Available from: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/private-ordering-and-rise-terms-service-cyber-regulation

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

This article looks at the basis for use- or content-related takedown of domain names in the terms of services of 30 European country-code top-level domain names.

KEYWORDS: Content regulation, Domain names, Terms of Service (TOS), Takedown, Abuse

Standard form consumer contracts (SFCCs), including Terms of Service agreements, are drafted by businesses and presented to consumers on a non-negotiable basis. Since these contracts present an asymmetric imbalance of information and resources between parties, they have been of concern for consumer rights in recent years. While some have characterized these issues as a ‘duty to read’ for consumers or as egregious terms and weak disclosures by drafters,’ this project suggests at least part of the issues exist from a lack of consideration of the document itself (i.e., medium, format, authenticy, reliability, stability) and the processes that deem it ‘standard.’

KEYWORDS: Terms of Service (TOS), Standard form contracts, Records, Evidence, Governance

With widespread smart contract implementation on the horizon, there is much conversation about how to regulate this new technology. Noting the failure of contract law to address the inequities of standardised contracts in the digital environment can help prevent them from being codified further into smart contracts.

KEYWORDS: Standard form contracts, Terms of Service (TOS), Smart contracts

In reaction to the Cambridge Analytica controversy, Facebook has recently announced a substantial tightening of access restrictions to the APIs of Facebook, Instagram, and other platforms it owns. Researchers at leading international research organisations are deeply concerned about collateral impacts of the new API access rules. Here is why.

This paper provides qualitative analysis of Google’s and Microsoft’s policies and examines case studies to enhance understanding about the privacy role of information intermediaries in self-regulatory arrangements.

KEYWORDS: Privacy, Intermediaries, Platforms, Self-regulation, Fair Information Practices, Terms of Service (TOS)

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

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Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

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Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

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