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APA

Kollnig, K., Binns, R., Van Kleek, M., Zhao, J., Lyngs, U., Tinsman, C., & Shadbolt, N. (2021). Before and after GDPR: tracking in mobile apps. Internet Policy Review, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2021.4.1611

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Kollnig, Konrad, Binns, Reuben and Van Kleek, Max. 2021. "Before and after GDPR: tracking in mobile apps". Internet Policy Review 10 (4). DOI: 10.14763/2021.4.1611. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/and-after-gdpr-tracking-mobile-apps.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Kollnig, Konrad (2021). Before and after GDPR: tracking in mobile apps. Internet Policy Review,[online] 10(4). Available at: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/and-after-gdpr-tracking-mobile-apps [Accessed: 20 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Kollnig, Konrad. "Before and after GDPR: tracking in mobile apps". Internet Policy Review 10.4 (2021). Web. 20 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Kollnig K, Binns R, Van Kleek M, Zhao J, Lyngs U, Tinsman C. Before and after GDPR: tracking in mobile apps. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2021 [20 August 2026];10(4). Available from: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/and-after-gdpr-tracking-mobile-apps

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

The importance of personal data for the digital economy accentuates a problematic information asymmetry between consumers and the data-driven market players. An increased consumer protection would have to deal with the lack of transparency of this black-box setup and a flawed use of consent as regulatory model. The consumer protection needs to be improved in practice, in its implementation, not only in its policy.

Fernando N. van der Vlist and Anne Helmond discuss Data Selfie, an open source browser extension that collects and analyses data about your behaviour on facebook.com

Privacy means control over our personal data... and human rights lawyer Katarzyna Szymielewicz explains why this matters when it comes to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation.

A new Danish study calls into question a cornerstone of the data protection regime in Europe: user consent. This article discusses the findings in light of the concept of 'privacy as a human right'.

KEYWORDS: User consent, Privacy, Personal data, Social media

Volume 3, Issue 2

Privacy evaluation: what empirical research on users’ valuation of personal data tells us

Federico Morando, Nexa Center for Internet & Society, Politecnico de Torino
Raimondo Iemma, Nexa Center for Internet & Society
Emilio Raiteri, University of Turin
PUBLISHED ON: 20 May 2014 DOI: 10.14763/2014.2.283

A review of the recent economic literature aimed at empirically assessing internet users’ valuation of their personal data, suggesting possible limitations and pitfalls in the experiments, and drawing policy-oriented remarks focused on data portability.

KEYWORDS: Privacy, Personal data, Economic value

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

Published by

Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

Special issue on the topic of
Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

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