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APA

Aguerre, C., & Maquieira Alonzo, J. (2026). Varieties of interoperability in the metaverse. Internet Policy Review, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.14763/2026.3.2120

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Aguerre, Carolina and Maquieira Alonzo, Joaquín. 2026. "Varieties of interoperability in the metaverse". Internet Policy Review 15 (3). DOI: 10.14763/2026.3.2120. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/varieties-interoperability-metaverse.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Aguerre, Carolina & Maquieira Alonzo, J. (2026). Varieties of interoperability in the metaverse. Internet Policy Review,[online] 15(3). Available at: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/varieties-interoperability-metaverse [Accessed: 3 Nov. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Aguerre, Carolina, and Maquieira Alonzo, Joaquín. "Varieties of interoperability in the metaverse". Internet Policy Review 15.3 (2026). Web. 3 Nov. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Aguerre C, Maquieira Alonzo J. Varieties of interoperability in the metaverse. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2026 [3 November 2026];15(3). Available from: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/varieties-interoperability-metaverse

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

Plans for the metaverse are threatening to move us out of market capitalism into a technofeudal order – liberal market governance is no longer a sufficient regulatory response.

KEYWORDS: Metaverse, Interoperability, Inequality, Freedom, Technofeudalism

The EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) is designed to empower users with the ability to freely switch between digital platforms. However, my 2026 migration experiment from Apple’s iOS to Google’s Android in Japan reveals a stark contrast between legal provisions and practical realities.

This article critically interrogates the increasing importance of connectivity protocols for how they shape and prefigure dynamics of platform power, as dominant actors in the tech sector collaborate on the issue of smart home and Internet of Things interoperability in efforts to maintain their market power and demonstrate their ability to regulate themselves.

KEYWORDS: Interoperability, Protocols, Internet of things, Self-regulation, Matter

This glossary entry presents a topology of interoperability layers and presents some of the key economic and socio-technical concerns faced by interoperable systems.

KEYWORDS: Interoperability, Sociotechnical ecosystems, Standards

Openness is contextual. Open implies access to resources or participatory mode of production that can be otherwise closed or restricted in degrees. Openness does not necessarily lead to inclusiveness or equity, even though it may be used to invoke such ideals.

KEYWORDS: Openness, Access, Interoperability, Open source, Open access, Open government

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

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Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

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