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APA

Crum, B. (2025). Brussels effect or experimentalism? The EU AI Act and global standard-setting. Internet Policy Review, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.14763/2025.3.2032

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Crum, Ben. 2025. "Brussels effect or experimentalism? The EU AI Act and global standard-setting". Internet Policy Review 14 (3). DOI: 10.14763/2025.3.2032. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/brussels-effect-or-experimentalism.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Crum, Ben (2025). Brussels effect or experimentalism? The EU AI Act and global standard-setting. Internet Policy Review,[online] 14(3). Available at: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/brussels-effect-or-experimentalism [Accessed: 24 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Crum, Ben. "Brussels effect or experimentalism? The EU AI Act and global standard-setting". Internet Policy Review 14.3 (2025). Web. 24 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Crum B. Brussels effect or experimentalism? The EU AI Act and global standard-setting. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2025 [24 August 2026];14(3). Available from: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/brussels-effect-or-experimentalism

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

The article shows how EU regulatory approaches to AI align with Silicon Valley technosolutionist imaginaries.

KEYWORDS: Sociotechnical imaginaries, European Union, AI Act, Big tech, Artificial intelligence

Regulating inputs is no longer enough: AI-generated outputs expose unresolved legal questions about ownership, responsibility, and evolving forms of creativity under the EU AI Act.

Often invisible amid the noisy proclamations of leaders from large states and big tech firms, representatives of small states have nonetheless powerfully shaped EU digital politics.

As the EU shapes its digital regulatory corpus, migrants are left exposed to the structural violence of AI systems deployed at the border.

Article 10 of the EU’s AI Act puts data governance at the heart of bias mitigation in high-risk AI systems but offers little guidance on implementation. Delegating these challenges to technical standardisation bodies raises both feasibility and legitimacy concerns, posing a significant test for the institutions now tasked with defining AI fairness in practice.

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

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Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

Special issue on the topic of
Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

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