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APA

van Maanen, G., Ducuing, C., & Fia, T. (2024). Data commons. Internet Policy Review, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.2.1748

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

van Maanen, Gijs, Ducuing, Charlotte and Fia, Tommaso. 2024. "Data commons". Internet Policy Review 13 (2). DOI: 10.14763/2024.2.1748. https://policyreview.info/glossary/data-commons.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

van Maanen, Gijs, Ducuing, C. & Fia, T. (2024). Data commons. Internet Policy Review,[online] 13(2). Available at: https://policyreview.info/glossary/data-commons [Accessed: 14 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

van Maanen, Gijs, Ducuing, Charlotte, and Fia, Tommaso. "Data commons". Internet Policy Review 13.2 (2024). Web. 14 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

van Maanen G, Ducuing C, Fia T. Data commons. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2024 [14 August 2026];13(2). Available from: https://policyreview.info/glossary/data-commons

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

This paper explores how four commonly proposed collective data intermediaries – data trusts, decentralised autonomous organisations, data cooperatives and data unions – have been envisioned and enacted by their proponents.

KEYWORDS: Data rights, Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs), Data commons, Data governance, Data protection

Data intermediaries entail data governance measures for ensuring that data is only processed as appropriate, giving stakeholders some degree of confidence that their rights and interests are properly respected.

KEYWORDS: Data intermediaries, Data protection, Data governance, Accountability, Trust, Data commons

By analysing data governance models and inherent properties of data, we point towards public data commons as the model securing European values and increasing sharing.

KEYWORDS: Data governance, Internet policy, Data commons, Public interest, Trust, European values

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

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Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

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Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

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