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APA

Gawel, H. (2024). Hacktivism. Internet Policy Review, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.2.1751

American Psychological Association. For more info, see https://www.apastyle.org

Chicago

Gawel, Hanna. 2024. "Hacktivism". Internet Policy Review 13 (2). DOI: 10.14763/2024.2.1751. https://policyreview.info/glossary/hacktivism.

Chicago Referencing Style. For more info, see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

Harvard

Gawel, Hanna (2024). Hacktivism. Internet Policy Review,[online] 13(2). Available at: https://policyreview.info/glossary/hacktivism [Accessed: 31 Aug. 2026].

Harvard Referencing Style

MLA

Gawel, Hanna. "Hacktivism". Internet Policy Review 13.2 (2024). Web. 31 Aug. 2026.

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/index.html

Vancouver

Gawel H. Hacktivism. Internet Policy Review [Internet]. 2024 [31 August 2026];13(2). Available from: https://policyreview.info/glossary/hacktivism

Vancouver Style. For more info, see https://library.vcc.ca/media/vcc-library/content-assets/documents/VancouverStyleGuide.pdf

Hacktivists 1.0 were Anonymous mask wearing outsiders. Subsequent generations are made up of insiders who use privacy enhancing technologies to hide their identities, to keep power under control or to disengage.

KEYWORDS: Hacktivism, Privacy enhancing technologies, Anonymous, Wikileaks

Civil disobedience is a familiar and well established phenomenon in Western societies. Currently, this concept of political action is challenged by new practices evolving on and around the internet. This paper focusses on the question of whether several forms of digital civil disobedience are legitimate.

KEYWORDS: Activism, Civil disobedience, Online civil disobedience, Hacktivism, Wikileaks, Whistle-blower, Edward Snowden, Hannah Arendt

Internet Policy Review is an open access and peer-reviewed journal on internet regulation.

Scholars, regulators, journalists, activists, and other stakeholders publish in the journal in a variety of formats

Research articles: In-depth scholarly research papers and essays
Concepts: Critical reflections on emerging core concepts of the digital society
Editorials: Contextual or thematic introductions to special issues
Essays: Free-form yet in-depth contentions with issues of academic or social relevance
News: Journalistic reports on events of interest to the Internet Policy Review community
Opinions: Opinion pieces commenting on developments in the realm of internet policy
Open Abstract: Extended abstracts for works in progress that receive public peer review

Published by

Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Center for Advanced Internet Studies in cooperation with additional partners

Special issue on the topic of
Inclusive by design? Participatory governance and the future of digital public spaces

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